Coups in Africa are on the rise again, with nine successful ones occurring in the 2020s alone. This resurgence of coups marks a significant increase compared to previous decades. Most of these takeovers have been concentrated in the “coup belt,” a region spanning from the Atlantic coast of West Africa to the Red Sea. Countries in this belt, including Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, have experienced multiple coups in recent years. However, this political crisis is not limited to the coup belt, as approval of military rule has risen in 24 out of 30 African countries since 2014.
One of the main reasons for this discontent is the frustration with the lack of genuine democracy in Africa. Many Africans perceive their countries’ democratic systems as mere facades, with elected officials frequently abusing their power. Additionally, African states often fail to provide adequate security and prosperity to their citizens. Many regimes excel at suppressing political opposition but struggle to protect their people from crime and violence. Consequently, those promising to restore security, even through ruthless means, can gain support from disillusioned citizens.
The provision of security is a critical failure in many African states. While they may be strong in areas where they should be weak, such as suppressing opposition, they are weak where they should be strong, such as protecting citizens. As a result, a growing number of Africans believe their countries are heading in the wrong direction. Younger Africans, especially, may be inclined to seek radical change and reevaluate the social contracts they have with their governments.
Overall, the resurgence of coups in Africa reflects a broader political crisis characterized by dissatisfaction with democracy and a lack of security. Africans are increasingly disillusioned with the state of their countries and are willing to consider alternative forms of government, including military rule. If these trends continue, it could lead to significant shifts in African politics and governance.
