In 2023, the world witnessed a troubling trend as the proportion of women killed in armed conflicts doubled compared to the previous year. Additionally, the number of UN-verified cases of conflict-related sexual violence increased by 50 per cent. These alarming statistics shed light on the dire situation faced by women in conflict-affected areas around the globe.
Despite these challenges, the proportion of international aid committed to supporting gender equality in conflict-affected contexts has dropped in recent years. This decrease in funding has resulted in underfunded programs dedicated to preventing gender-based violence during humanitarian emergencies. This lack of support further exacerbates the vulnerabilities faced by women in conflict zones.
The United Nations, particularly the Security Council, has been at the forefront of addressing these issues. In 2000, the Security Council adopted resolution 1325, which recognized the vital contributions women make to the prevention and resolution of conflicts. However, more needs to be done to ensure the protection and empowerment of women in conflict-affected areas.
Here are eight key ways in which the international community can work towards achieving gender equality in conflict zones:
1. More presence in peace negotiations: In 2023, women accounted for only 9.6 per cent of participants in peace processes worldwide. This number increased slightly to 19 per cent in peace processes led or co-led by the United Nations. The Secretary-General’s report calls for parties to peace talks to set a minimum target of one third of participants to be women, with the ultimate goal of achieving gender parity in peace negotiations.
2. Repeal laws violating human rights: Countries should repeal all discriminatory laws and policies that violate the human rights of women and girls. This includes laws and policies that result in gender-based discrimination or undermine women’s bodily autonomy. The greater involvement of women in decision-making processes can lead to positive changes in laws and policies, as seen in Sierra Leone where increased women’s representation in parliament led to the prohibition of child marriage.
3. Boost decision-making power: Women should be involved in critical decision-making areas such as conflict resolution, humanitarian coordination, community security, access to justice, early warnings, and climate mitigation and adaptation. Gender quotas can be implemented to increase women’s representation in decision-making bodies. Countries with legislated gender quotas have seen higher levels of women’s participation in parliament compared to those without such quotas.
4. Hold rights violators accountable: National authorities should use their criminal justice systems to pursue individuals who commit crimes against women. This includes holding perpetrators of conflict-related sexual violence, reproductive violence, and violence against women in political and public life accountable. International bodies such as the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court can also play a role in advancing gender justice.
These steps are crucial in addressing the challenges faced by women in conflict zones and ensuring their rights and well-being are protected. It is essential for the international community to prioritize gender equality in conflict-affected areas and work towards creating a safer and more inclusive world for all.
